Gross primary production using related vegetation indices.

Site description; Micrometeorological and flux measurements; Hyperspectral reflectance measurements; Vegetation indexes

Efeito da radiação ultravioleta-B sobre a germinação de conídios de Botrytis cinerea e colonização em discos de morango.

RESUMO: O ultravioleta é um fator de grande impacto na agricultura e está intimamente relacionado à camada de ozônio, a qual vem sendo reduzida paulatinamente, em consequência das atividades antrópicas. A camada de ozônio está sendo degradada, principalmente, por ação dos clorofluorcarbonos (CFC) utilizados pelo homem alterando assim a intensidade de radiação ultravioleta na superfície terrestre em especial no comprimento de onda da radiação ultravioleta B (UV-B). O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de conídios de Botrytis cinerea à radiação UV-B. Foram testados 13 isolados do patógeno, onde uma suspensão contendo 105 conídios mL-1 de cada isolado foi preparada e uma alíquota de 20 ?L foi colocada no centro de uma placa de Petri contendo BDA. Os conídios foram expostos à radiação UV-B 5,6 kJ m-2 a uma irradiância de 823 mW m-2. Também foi avaliada a esporulação de B. cinerea em discos de folha de morangueiro em meio de cultura paraquat-clorofenicolágar (PCA). Os isolados apresentaram germinação relativa entre 15% e 90%, sendo que os isolados com maior resistência à radiação UV-B foram o LQC 162, LQC 150 e LQC 159. No teste da esporulação foi observado maior diferenças entre os isolados quanto a formação de conidióforos do patógeno sendo os isolados LQC 150 e LQC 157 superiores aos outros isolados. Foi selecionado o isolado LQC 150 para ensaios posteriores onde será comparada a tolerância desse isolado com isolados de agentes de controle biológico deste patógeno quanto a tolerância a radiação UV-B

Far Infrared Slab Lensing and Subwavelength Imaging in Crystal Quartz

We examine the possibility of using negative refraction stemming from the phonon response in an anisotropic crystal to create a simple slab lens with plane parallel sides, and show that imaging from such a lens should be possible at room temperature despite the effects of absorption that are inevitably present due to phonon damping. In particular, we consider the case of crystal quartz, a system for which experimental measurements consistent with all-angle negative refraction have already been demonstrated. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of subwavelength imaging from such materials, and show that it should be possible for certain configurations.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

Adverse Events among HIV/MDR-TB Co-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral and Second Line Anti-TB Treatment in Mumbai, India.

Significant adverse events (AE) have been reported in patients receiving medications for multidrug- and extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB & XDR-TB). However, there is little prospective data on AE in MDR- or XDR-TB/HIV co-infected patients on antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in programmatic settings

Climatology of easterly wave disturbances over the tropical South Atlantic

A 21-yr climatology of Easterly Waves Disturbances (EWDs) over the Tropical South Atlantic (TSA) has been examined using data from the European Centers for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERAI) and satellite data. This includes the frequency distribution of EWDs and their interannual variability. The large-scale environment associated with EWDs has been investigated for the coastal region of Northeast Brazil (NEB) for the rainy (April-August) season using a composite analysis. To better understand the life cycle of EWDs, an automated tracking scheme has been used to track vorticity centers associated with the EWDs in the ERAI data. EWDs were first identified in ERAI, resulting in 518 observed cases. These were found to show notable interannual variability with around 16-40 episodes by year and with average lifetime of 4-6 days. Of the identified EWDs, 97% reached the coast of NEB, of which 64% were convective in nature and 14% moved across the NEB region and reached the Amazon. The annual occurrence of EWDs seems to be lower (higher) during El Niño (La Niña). The monthly occurrence of EWDs shows higher activity in the rainy season. EWDs originate in association with five types of system: cold fronts, convective clusters from the west coast of Africa, Intertropical Convergence Zone and Tropical Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices. The composite analysis presents strong relative vorticity (RV) and divergence anomalies at low levels, as well as in the vertical profiles of relative humidity and vertical velocity (omega). The precipitation composites show that the EWDs propagate between the TSA and NEB and contribute at least 60% of the total rainfall over the east coast of NEB throughout the rainy season

Mapeamento da umidade relativa do ar no Estado do Ceará.

Considerando-se que a totalidade do semi-árido brasileiro situa-se no Nordeste, é esta região do país que apresenta valores mais baixos de umidade